Oil engine



Aug. 24' 1926 1,597,060

'K I. CROSSLEY ET AL OIL ENGINE Fil-ed June 1. 1925 T k Fig.3,

.Zfnvezatana lKLCbosse Patented Aug. 24, I926.

KENNETH IRWIN CROSSLEY AND WIL'FBED' IiE--I{LASTRIER-WEBB, OFMANGHESTER,

ENGLAND, i

on; ENGINE.

vApplication filed June 1, 1925,;SeriaLNo;

This invention relates to airless injection internal combustion oilenginesusing heavy ,oil fuel which "is deliveredas spray; alone, or

without admixture of air, into the combustion chamber or chambers bymeans of an injection pump. \V'ith such engines difficulties areexperienced, when using viscous oil, in ensuring its efficientatomization or delivery through the usual nozzle or injector into theair charge compressed in the said chamber or chambers, and anyconsiderable preheating of the oil, previous to its entering the pump,to avoid such ditficulties, involves disadvantages due to what is knownas air lock, or a liability to vaporization and frothing, causingirregularity in the action of the pump and thus in the deliveries offuel to the engine.

The object of this invention is to provide for the more effectiveatomization of the oil whilst maintaining regularity in the deliveriesof same to the engine.

The invention comprises improved means as hereinafter set forth for theheating of the oil in two stages, (1) before it enters the fuel pump soas to cause it to flow freely through the pipes and the pump and (2)after its passage through the pump and prior to its entering theatomizer,

Referring to the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings Figure 1 isa sectional elevation giving a diagrammatic illustration of one mannerof applying our invention and Figures 2 and 3 sectional elevationsillustrating two further arrangements for carrying out our invention.

The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same orsimilar parts.

Referring to Figure 1, the combustion chamber a which communicates withcylinder 7) having the piston c therein, is fitted in the ordinarymanner with the air valve (Z, exhaust valve e and oil atomizer f. Theoil is supplied to the said atomizer f by the usual pump 9.

The final preheating of the oil for the purpose aforesaid is effected bymeans of the heating vessel h which forms part of the delivery pipe orconduit 1' between the delivery side of the pump 9 and the atomizer f.The said heating vessel It is mounted on the exterior of the exhaustpipe j and thus receives heat therefrom. The means for the attachment ofthe said vessel It to the said exhaust pipe j may be such aswillpermitiof readyadjustment of the position vof the vessel, so; that.the. extent ofv its, contact with the, pipe :maybe varied or so that itmaybe pmoved towardsor away from the pipe for variation of the heatingeffect.

In the example shown at Figure 1, a preliminary oil heater is is alsoprovided in association with the suction pipe Zof the pump 9 and alsoattached to the exhaust pipe j. Thus there will be a primary heating ofthe oil between the fuel tank and the fuel pump to a temperaturesufficient to cause it to flow freely through the suction pipes orpassages but ii'isufiicient to cause vapour to a be formed in such pipesor passages which might result in air lock, and a secondary heating ofthe oil between the fuel pump and the oil sprayer or atomizer to ahigher temperature. ing at the pump suction side might be to 100 F., andthe secondary heating at the pump delivery side to 200 F. Or the primaryheating may be to a temperature be low the flash point of the oil andthe secondary heating to a temperature above the flash point. Or theprimary heating may give the oil a viscosity of from say 30 to 750seconds and the secondary heating may give the oil on the delivery sideof the pump a viscosity of from 30 to 150 seconds according to a RedwoodNo. viscometer. The exact amount of primary and secondary heatingdepends on the quality of the fuel oil used.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the oil delivered by the pumpthrough the heating vessel It passes through a jacket n containingeither oil or water heated from the exhaust pipe j. WVhere hot Water isused, this can if desired, be obtained from the engine cylinder jacket.

In the Figure 3 .arrangement, the fuel passes through a heater h whichpasses through or across and is heated by the exhaust pipe 7'. Theheater is also heated by direct contact With the exhaust gases.

The form and arrangement of the heater may be varied to suit varyingservices or requirements.

Vve claim 1. In oil fuel internal combustion engines of the typeaforesaid, the combination with the exhaust pipe, the fuel atomizer,fuel pump, the suction conduit and the delivery For example, the primaryheatconduit of said pump, of a pair of fuel heaters exteriorly mountedupon said exhaust pipe, one of said heaters having inlets and outletsconnected with said suction conduit and the other having inlets andoutlets connected with said delivery conduit.

2. In oil fuel internal combustion engines of the type aforesaid, thecombination with the exhaust pipe, the fuel atomizer, the fuel pump. thesuction conduit and the delivery conduit of said pump, of a pair ofvessels mounted upon and receiving" heat from said exhaust pipe, one ofsaid vessels having inlets and outlets connected with said suctionconduit and the other having inlets and outlets connected with saiddelivery conduit.

3. In oil fuel internal combustion engines of the type aforesaid, thecombination with the exhaust pipe, the fuel atomizer, the fuel pump, thesuction conduit and the delivery conduit of said pump, of a pair ofvessels mounted upon said exhaust pipe'and receiviug heat therefrom, oneof said vessels having inlets and outlets connected with said suctionconduit and the other having inlets and outlets connected with saiddelivery conduit and also having; a part of its exterior in contact witha heating fluid.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

KENNETH IRNIN CROSSLEY.

VVILFRED LE PLASTRIER WEBB.

